Dark Matter Phenomenology and Experiments

Lecturers: N. Masi (INFN Researcher) and M. Selvi (INFN Researcher)

Duration: 24 hours in January/February

Programme:

Lecture 1 (N. Masi)

- Historical introduction

- Galactic, cosmic and cosmological evidences

- Current “knowledge and prejudices” about DM

Lecture 2 (N. Masi)

- DM within the Standard Model

- A review of Dark Matter candidates: SUSY particles, Little Higgs, UED, Scalar Multiplet, Dynamical DM, Primordial QBH, Millicharged DM, Sterile Neutrinos, Hidden Sector and dark mediator Portals, Asymmetric DM, Stealth DM and GUTzilla

Lecture 3 (N. Masi)

- Cosmology and the WIMP Miracle

- DM halos: formation, properties and particle velocity distribution

- The Black Hole case after LIGO-VIRGO

Lecture 4 (N. Masi)

The AMS-02 Experiment:

- The mission

- Heavy candidates for AMS search

- How to disentangle primary astrophysical signals from DM ones (pulsars)

- Experimental and theoretical uncertainties (astrophysics vs nuclear)

- Recent results, interpretations and perspectives

Lecture 5 (N. Masi)

- Gamma and neutrino astronomy

- Constraints on DM properties from astrophysics and cosmology: annihilation cross section and self-interaction

Lecture 6 (N. Masi)

- WIMP DM detection @ LHC: excluded candidates and cross sections limits

- Non WIMP candidates: Axions – cosmology, experimental research, perspectives

Lecture 7 (N. Masi)

Alternative non-particle theories:

- MOND and MOG

- Non-local Gravity

- Spin-2 Dark Matter

- Verlinde’s Emergent Gravity and holographic theories

- Maeder’s Scale-invariant general relativity

WIMP direct detection (M. Selvi)

- WIMP characteristics: density and velocity distribution in the Galaxy, expected interaction cross section

- Calculation of the expected rate of events

- Generic characteristics of direct detection detectors

Generalities of Signal and Backgrounds (M. Selvi)

-  List of potential backgrounds

-  Strategies to reduce background (screening, passive and active shielding, distillation, ER/NR discrimination, pulse shape discrimination, …)

-  WIMP signatures: energy spectrum, annual modulation, direction

Liquid noble element (Xenon and Argon) as particle detector (M. Selvi)

-  Scintillation channel

-  Ionization channel

-  Impact of impurities

-  Light and charge response for different classes of: electron e nuclear recoils discrimination

-  Single-phase detectors

-  Double-phase detectors

“Not noble” detectors (M. Selvi)

-  Inorganic Scintillator Crystals NaI (DAMA)

-  Semiconductor detectors (CoGent)

-  Semiconductor Bolometers (CDMS)

-  Scintillating Bolometers (CRESST)

 Prospects (M. Selvi)

-  Future of Liquid Noble detectors

-  The ultimate neutrino background, and potential neutrino signals

-  Final discussion on direct detection roadmap