40° cycle

Martina Baltuzzi

RESEARCH PROJECT TITLE: Digital Twins in Healthcare: Norms, Epistemology and Ethics in Europe

Martina Baltuzzi is a PhD student in Law, Science and Technology (LAST-JD), 40° cycle. Her research project is titled "Digital Twins in Healthcare: Norms, Epistemology and Ethics in Europe", and it is conducted under the supervision of Professor Ugo Pagallo and Professor Massimo Durante (University of Turin). She graduated in European Legal Studies at the University of Turin, finalizing her master's thesis on "The normative challenges of Autonomous Vehicles between equality and non-discrimination" in Germany, at the Technical University of Munich.

Supervisors: Massimo Durante, Ugo Pagallo, UNITO

Institutions involved in the co-tutelle: in progress

https://www.unibo.it/sitoweb/martina.baltuzzi2/

Qingjing Chen

RESEARCH PROJECT TITLE: Element-Aware Legal Aid AI System

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has profoundly impacted the legal industry, driving innovation in areas such as legal document automation, case retrieval, and legal reasoning. Furthermore, many existing legal AI systems produce outputs in a black-box manner, lacking transparency and interpretability, which undermines trust among legal professionals. Also, a key issue lies in the reliance on manually predefined legal elements, a process that is time-consuming, incomplete, and often non-transferable across legal contexts. Furthermore, the availability of high-quality legal ontologies and datasets, and their integration into user-centric systems remains limited, and existing systems often neglect user experience design, making them inaccessible to vulnerable groups and individuals with limited legal knowledge. To address these challenges, this paper presents the Element-Aware Legal AI System, which combines data-driven and knowledge-driven approaches to enhance logical consistency, interpretability, and trustworthiness in legal tasks. We introduce a generalized legal element definition scheme to improve structural logic, comprehensiveness, and adaptability, leveraging supervised, unsupervised, and self-supervised learning methods, as well as large language models (LLMs), to automatically construct a precise legal knowledge graph representing legal elements and their relationships. To bridge the accessibility gap, we incorporate legal elements into intuitive page design and interactive workflows, ensuring user-friendliness and practical usability. By doing so, the system empowers underserved communities and individuals who cannot afford professional legal services, providing much-needed legal assistance and fostering equitable access to justice.

Supervisors: Antonino Rotolo, UNIBO

Institutions involved in the co-tutelle: in progress

https://www.unibo.it/sitoweb/qingjing.chen2/

Beatrice Ferrigno

RESEARCH PROJECT TITLE:  Meta-reasoning and nested rules for enhancing normative explanation

This project aims to ampliate the framework of Defeasible Deontic Logic by adding meta-rules to explain ambiguity in legal reasoning by recalling law, institutional habitus and contestual features as further layers of explanation.

Supervisors: Antonino Rotolo, UNIBO

Institutions involved in the co-tutelle: in progress

https://www.unibo.it/sitoweb/beatrice.ferrigno2/

Francesca Galloni

RESEARCH PROJECT TITLE: Methods and Applications of Legal Analytics for the Extraction of Knowledge from Case Law Documents in Civil Law Systems

The substantial volume of judicial documents and legal texts poses significant challenges for legal professionals, particularly in civil law systems, where codified statutes are central but case law still plays a crucial role in interpreting and applying legal principles. Extracting relevant information from this vast array of data can be time-consuming and prone to errors, impacting the quality of legal research and consistency in legal practice. This project aims to apply Natural language processing, including Large Language Models, for information extraction, analysis and classification, focusing on argument mining and summarization. The aim is to apply such techniques to both Italian and EU case law with the purpose of improving efficiency and accuracy in legal research, enhancing the consistency of legal interpretations, and supporting decision-making for legal practitioners.

Supervisors: Francesca Lagioia, UNIBO

Institutions involved in the co-tutelle: in progress

https://www.unibo.it/sitoweb/francesca.galloni5

Claudia Giorgetti

RESEARCH PROJECT TITLE: AI in healthcare: the interplay between human-machine interaction, human oversight, and liability

This research project focuses on AI systems applied in the field of healthcare and the liability issues that they present. In particular, it aims to understand how liability should be allocated among the involved parties. A socio-technical perspective will be adopted, by taking into account the design of the human-machine interaction (HMI), the degree of human oversight, and the level of explainability of the machine's output.

Supervisors: Giuseppe Contissa, UNIBO

Institutions involved in the co-tutelle: in progress

https://www.unibo.it/sitoweb/claudia.giorgetti6/

Antonino Iaria

RESEARCH PROJECT TITLE: Digital Governance for Public Administration: A Blockchain-based Approach

Development of public administration services through smart contract Move and distributed ledger-based technologies.

Supervisors: Stefano Ferretti, UNIBO, Mirko Zichichi (IOTA Foundation)

Institutions involved in the co-tutelle: in progress

https://www.unibo.it/sitoweb/antonino.iaria3

Generoso Longo

RESEARCH PROJECT TITLE: European Legislative LLM Model Informed by RAG Supported by Knowledge Graph

Research focused on the application of AI technologies to the legislative process, in particular by exploring the integration of Large Language Models with Semantic Web to enhance the ability to understand and process the intricacies of legal language and reasoning.

Supervisors: Monica Palmirani, UNIBO

Institutions involved in the co-tutelle: in progress

https://www.unibo.it/sitoweb/generoso.longo2/

Rachele Mignone

RESEARCH PROJECT TITLE: A Knowledge-Driven Framework for Multilingual Legal Harmonization Using Large Language Models

This PhD research explores using AI to improve multilingual legal harmonization, focusing on the European Union. The project will develop a system to analyze and compare legal documents in different languages without relying solely on translations. This involves creating a specialized knowledge graph and adapting Large Language Models to the legal domain. The goal is to create a more efficient and accurate method for managing multilingual legal information.

Supervisors: Luigi Di Caro, UNIBO

Institutions involved in the co-tutelle: in progress

https://www.unibo.it/sitoweb/rachele.mignone2

Rokardo Vuji

RESEARCH PROJECT TITLE: Development of public administration services through Smart Contracts Move and Distributed Ledger-based Technologies

Supervisors: Monica Palmirani, UNIBO

Institutions involved in the co-tutelle: in progress

https://www.unibo.it/sitoweb/r.vuji