DOCTORAL CREDITS (CD)

Doctoral Credits (CD) measure the workload required of the Doctoral Student in research, research training and teaching activities to obtain the Doctoral diploma. 

The PhD student must obtain 60 CDs per year, corresponding to 1,500 hours of activity; each CD is worth 25 hours of commitment by the PhD student. The doctorate in "Nanosciences for Medicine and the Environment" provides for a division between research activities and research training and teaching activities, as expressed in Table A.

The doctorate in "Nanosciences for Medicine and the Environment" has established the minimum CD value to be achieved (Table B) for each of the following activities: 

a) disciplinary and multidisciplinary training 

b) training relating to the acquisition of transversal skills 

c) extra-curricular training 

d) dissemination 

e) teaching activities/tutoring/supervision

The activities relating to points a) and b), i.e. disciplinary, multidisciplinary and transversal training, constitute the so-called curricular training. This training is organized by the doctoral course in "Nanosciences for Medicine and the Environment", by the Departments participating in the doctorate, or by the University. These curricular activities are specifically designed for the Doctorate and differ from level I and II teaching. 

The curricular training activities can be also borrowed from similar activities already available in the University's portfolio of offers in the context of Bachelor's and Master's Degrees.

The doctorate in "Nanosciences for Medicine and the Environment" establishes the recommended number of CDs to be acquired for training and teaching in each year of the course (Table C), in order to guarantee the balanced  development of these activities compared to those of research.

The PhD student who owes CDs compared to the expected annual amount carries over his debt to the following year.

The PhD course in "Nanosciences for Medicine and the Environment" establishes its own general criteria (Table D) to determine the number of CDs to be awarded for extra-curricular training and dissemination activities.

For teaching and tutoring activities, reference is made to the number of hours envisaged by the corresponding contract/register, multiplied by a factor that takes into account the preparation commitment.

If the activity (carried out at the University of Bologna or elsewhere) involves the formal awarding of a certain number of ECTS credits, 1 ECTS credit is equivalent to the acquisition of 1 CD.